For many years, colon cancer has been a leading cause of death among people around the world. It is estimated that over 1.8 million new cases of colon cancer are diagnosed every year, leading to the deaths of approximately 881,000 people. That’s why it’s important to understand the early signs and symptoms of this disease to make sure that you can take measures to prevent it from spreading and save your life.
Colon cancer usually starts in the large intestine, also known as the colon, which is part of the digestive system that is responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the food you eat. The colon is a long tube-like organ located in the lower part of the abdomen, below the stomach. It plays a key role in the digestive process by breaking down food and extracting nutrients from it. However, when the cells in the colon become abnormal, they can multiply rapidly and form a tumor, leading to colon cancer.
The exact causes of colon cancer are not yet known, but experts believe that certain factors can increase your risk of developing this disease. These include a family history of colon cancer, a history of inflammatory bowel disease, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. It’s important to know that colon cancer often develops slowly over time and doesn’t usually cause any symptoms in the early stages. That’s why regular screening tests are recommended for individuals who are at high risk of developing this disease.
Risk factors for colon cancer
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that affects the colon or the rectum. This cancer usually starts as a polyp, which is a small growth on the inner wall of the colon or rectum. While it begins as a benign growth, it can over time develop into cancerous cells that ultimately attack the colon or rectum. There are several risk factors that can increase your chances of developing colon cancer, including:
- Age – Colon cancer becomes more common as people get older.
- Family history – If you have a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, who has had colon cancer, then your risk of developing the disease is higher.
- Personal history of colon cancer – If you’ve had colon cancer before, you’re more likely to develop it again.
- Genetic mutations – Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of colon cancer.
- Intestinal conditions – Certain conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, can increase the risk of colon cancer.
- Lifestyle factors – Factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol use, inadequate physical activity, and poor diet can contribute to an increased risk of colon cancer.
Facts about colon cancer risk factors
If you’re concerned about colon cancer, it’s important to understand the risk factors for the disease. Some of these factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed. However, there are certain lifestyle changes you can make to help lower your overall risk of colon cancer.
In addition to lifestyle changes, regular colon cancer screening is also important. Screening can help detect the disease in its early stages when it’s most treatable. Talk to your doctor about when you should begin screening for colon cancer and how often you should be screened.
Colon Cancer Risk Assessment Table
| Risk Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Age | Colon cancer becomes more common as people get older. |
| Family history | If you have a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, who has had colon cancer, then your risk of developing the disease is higher. |
| Personal history of colon cancer | If you’ve had colon cancer before, you’re more likely to develop it again. |
| Genetic mutations | Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of colon cancer. |
| Intestinal conditions | Certain conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, can increase the risk of colon cancer. |
| Lifestyle factors | Factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol use, inadequate physical activity, and poor diet can contribute to an increased risk of colon cancer. |
It’s important to note that not everyone with these risk factors will develop colon cancer, and some people without any risk factors may still develop the disease. However, understanding the risk factors for colon cancer can help you take steps to reduce your overall risk of developing the disease.
Symptoms of colon cancer
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that affects the large intestine or rectum. It is important to know the symptoms of colon cancer as early detection increases the chances of successful treatment. Here are some common symptoms of colon cancer:
- Change in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two.
- Blood in stool, either bright red or dark.
- Abdominal pain, discomfort, or cramps.
- Unintentional weight loss.
- Fatigue or weakness that does not go away.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor. However, it is also important to note that not all cases of colon cancer exhibit symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to get screened regularly if you are over 50 years old or have a family history of colon cancer.
There are different types of screening tests available, including a colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, and stool DNA test. Your doctor can help you choose the best screening option based on your individual situation.
| Screening Test | How often? |
|---|---|
| Colonoscopy | Every 10 years |
| Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | Yearly |
| Stool DNA test (FIT-DNA) | Every 3 years |
Remember, early detection is key in successfully treating colon cancer. Don’t ignore any symptoms or put off screening tests. Speak with your doctor to determine the best course of action for you.
Screening and early detection of colon cancer
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or rectum. It often begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps that can become cancerous over time. Colon cancer usually grows slowly over a period of several years, and there are often no symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, regular screening is essential to detecting and treating colon cancer as early as possible.
- Who should get screened? The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk of colon cancer start regular screening at the age of 45. Individuals with a family history of colon cancer or certain genetic conditions that increase the risk of colon cancer should begin screening earlier and undergo more frequent screening.
- What are the screening options? There are several different tests available for screening colon cancer. The most commonly used are colonoscopy, stool-based tests, and CT colonography. Colonoscopy is the most accurate way to detect and remove polyps, but it requires a bowel prep and sedation. Stool-based tests are non-invasive and can be done at home, but they may miss some polyps or cancers. CT colonography is a non-invasive imaging test that uses a CT scanner to produce detailed images of the colon.
- How often should you get screened? The frequency of screening depends on the type of test used and the individual’s risk factors. For individuals at average risk, colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years, while stool-based tests should be done every one to three years. CT colonography is typically done every five years. Individuals with a personal or family history of colon cancer or certain genetic conditions may need to undergo more frequent screening.
Early detection of colon cancer is critical for successful treatment and survival. If you are at average risk of colon cancer, talk to your healthcare provider about starting regular screening at the age of 45. If you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, discuss with your healthcare provider whether you should start screening earlier or more frequently.
| Screening Test | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Colonoscopy | Most accurate test, detects and removes polyps | Bowel prep required, sedation required, rare risk of complications |
| Stool-based tests | Non-invasive, can be done at home | May miss some polyps or cancers, requires follow-up colonoscopy if positive |
| CT colonography | Non-invasive, no sedation required | Radiation exposure, may miss small polyps or flat lesions, still requires bowel prep |
Regardless of the screening test used, early detection is the key to successfully treating colon cancer. Follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for screening and don’t put off getting screened.
Treatment options for colon cancer
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. The most effective treatment for colon cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Here are some of the treatment options available:
- Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for colon cancer, and it is often the only treatment needed for early-stage cancers. During surgery, the cancerous sections of the colon are removed, along with nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, a colostomy bag may be required temporarily or permanently if a lot of the colon is removed.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It is frequently used in combination with surgery to treat colon cancer. Chemotherapy can also be used to shrink tumors before surgery or to kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. It is often used before surgery to shrink large tumors and after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.
There are also some promising new treatments for colon cancer:
- Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells. These drugs work by targeting specific genes or proteins that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapy is typically used in combination with chemotherapy for people with advanced-stage colon cancer.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. It works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy is currently being studied as a possible treatment for colon cancer.
The following table provides an overview of the common treatment options for colon cancer:
| Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Surgery | The cancerous sections of the colon are removed, along with nearby lymph nodes. |
| Chemotherapy | Drugs are used to kill cancer cells. |
| Radiation therapy | High-energy X-rays or other types of radiation are used to kill cancer cells. |
| Targeted therapy | Drugs or other substances are used to identify and attack cancer cells. |
| Immunotherapy | The immune system is stimulated to recognize and attack cancer cells. |
Talk to your doctor about which treatment option is right for you based on the stage and location of your colon cancer. With early detection and the right treatment, colon cancer can be successfully treated.
Colorectal cancer vs. colon cancer: what’s the difference?
If you’re someone who is dealing with cancer or has family members or friends suffering from it, you might have a basic understanding of the different types of cancer that exist. However, when it comes to colon cancer and colorectal cancer, not everyone has a clear idea of what sets them apart from one another. Here’s a breakdown of the difference between colorectal cancer and colon cancer, along with the details of where and how each type of cancer usually starts.
- Location: One of the most notable differences between colon cancer and colorectal cancer is the location in the digestive tract where they develop. Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon and rectum, while colon cancer only develops in the colon itself.
- Development: When it comes to how these cancers develop, colon cancer generally starts as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps, which can turn cancerous over time. On the other hand, colorectal cancer can develop from either colon cancer or rectal cancer.
- Types: Colon cancer has various types, including adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and lymphoma. Meanwhile, colorectal cancer can be categorized into several types, such as adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and lymphoma.
Where does colon cancer usually start?
Colon cancer starts in the large intestine or colon. The colon is part of the digestive system, situated in the lower part of the abdomen. It’s a hollow tube about 6 feet long, and its primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from solid waste that moves through it. The colon has four parts: the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The ascending colon moves waste up the right side of the body, the transverse colon travels across the abdomen, the descending colon goes down the left side, while sigmoid colon connects to the rectum and anus.
| Parts of the colon where cancer usually grows | Percentage of occurrence |
|---|---|
| Ascending colon | 36% |
| Rectosigmoid colon | 21% |
| Transverse colon | 16% |
| Descending colon | 10% |
| Sigmoid colon | 8% |
| Hepatic flexure | 4% |
| Splenic flexure | 2% |
While cancer can appear in any part of the colon, the majority of cases begin in the lining cells of the colon or rectum and progress to other layers of tissue. If left undetected, the cancer cells can grow into nearby lymph nodes and even metastasize, spreading to other organs and tissues in the body.
Overall, understanding the differences between colon cancer and colorectal cancer is crucial to be able to detect these types of cancer early on and obtain the necessary treatments and medications to slow down the progression of the cancer. With regular screenings and checks, it’s possible to catch these cancers before they reach a later and more dangerous stage.
Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Colon Cancer
While there is no surefire way to prevent colon cancer, certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk of developing the disease.
Dietary Changes
- Incorporate more fiber into your diet through leafy greens, whole grains, and fresh fruit.
- Avoid processed meats, such as bacon and hot dogs, which have been linked to increased risk of colon cancer.
- Limit red meat consumption and opt for lean protein sources like chicken, fish, and beans instead.
Exercise Regularly
Physical activity, even something as simple as walking, can help reduce your risk of colon cancer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day, and consider incorporating strength training into your routine to further reduce your risk.
Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Both smoking and heavy drinking have been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer. Quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption to moderate levels (no more than one drink per day for women and two for men), and consider seeking professional help if you struggle with addiction.
Get Screened
| Age | Screening Test |
|---|---|
| 50-75 | Colonoscopy every 10 years OR fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every year OR fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every year |
| 76-85 | Talk to your doctor about whether screening is appropriate for you, based on your overall health and life expectancy |
The American Cancer Society recommends that most people begin regular colon cancer screenings at age 50. Talk to your doctor about which screening test is right for you based on your family history and other risk factors.
Coping with the Emotional Impact of Colon Cancer Diagnosis
A diagnosis of colon cancer can be emotionally challenging. It’s normal to feel a range of emotions, including fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, and confusion. Coping with the emotional impact of colon cancer diagnosis requires a combination of self-care, social support, and professional help if needed.
- Self-Care: Taking care of yourself physically and mentally is key to coping with the emotional impact of colon cancer diagnosis. This can include practices such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet, staying active, and participating in hobbies that you enjoy. Additionally, practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga can be helpful in managing anxiety and fear.
- Social Support: Having a supportive network of family and friends is essential to coping with colon cancer diagnosis. Surrounding yourself with loved ones who offer both practical and emotional support can provide comfort and help alleviate feelings of isolation.
- Professional Help: If feelings of sadness, anxiety or depression persist, it may be helpful to seek professional help from a therapist or counselor experienced in cancer care. They can help you cope with the emotional aspects of cancer and provide guidance on strategies to manage symptoms effectively.
It’s important to remember that everyone’s journey with colon cancer is unique. Coping strategies that work for one person may not work for another. Be patient with yourself, and don’t hesitate to reach out for help and support when you need it.
It may also be helpful to connect with support groups or online communities where you can share your thoughts and feelings with others who are going through similar experiences.
| Coping Strategies for Managing Emotions | Examples |
|---|---|
| Mindfulness | meditation, yoga, deep breathing exercises |
| Self-expression | writing, art therapy, music therapy |
| Physical activity | walking, swimming, gardening |
| Seeking social support | talking with friends and family, joining support groups, connecting online |
Ultimately, coping with the emotional impact of colon cancer diagnosis requires a holistic, personalized approach that addresses both physical and mental well-being. With the right care and support, it’s possible to manage the emotional challenges of colon cancer diagnosis and focus on healing and recovery.
FAQs About Where Does Colon Cancer Usually Start
1. What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is a cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. It is also known as colorectal cancer.
2. Where does colon cancer usually start?
Colon cancer usually starts in the lining of the colon or rectum. However, it can also start in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
3. What causes colon cancer?
The exact cause of colon cancer is unknown, but certain lifestyle factors such as a poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can increase your risk.
4. Who is at risk of developing colon cancer?
Individuals who are 50 years or older, have a family history of colon cancer, have a history of certain medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, or have a poor diet and lack of exercise, are at higher risk of developing colon cancer.
5. What are the symptoms of colon cancer?
Symptoms of colon cancer may include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss.
6. Can colon cancer be prevented?
While there is no surefire way to prevent colon cancer, you can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, having regular colonoscopies starting at 50 years old, and getting genetic testing if you have a family history of the disease.
7. How is colon cancer treated?
Treatment for colon cancer can vary depending on the stage and severity of the cancer. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Closing Thoughts
Thanks for taking the time to read this article about where colon cancer usually starts. If you’re concerned about your risk of developing colon cancer, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about scheduling a colonoscopy or genetic testing. Remember, early detection is key in treating and surviving colon cancer. Check back soon for more informative articles about your health!