Evening prayer and Compline are two distinct services in the Anglican Church. Many people confuse the two, but they differ in several ways. They are both liturgies, but their characteristics and intentions set them apart from each other.
Evening prayer is a service that many Christians attend towards the end of the day, usually in the evening. It is a time for reflection and contemplation, and it prepares the heart and mind for the challenges of the day ahead. The service typically features hymns, scripture readings, prayers, and lessons. In contrast, Compline is a service that most Anglican Churches conduct later in the evening, close to bedtime. The word “Compline” is derived from the Latin word “completorium,” which means “completion.” As such, the service aims to complete the day and prepare the soul for peaceful rest and sleep.
The distinguishing features of evening prayer and Compline are noticeable from the Anglican Church’s hymnology and the type of prayer that signifies their end. For evening prayer, the hymn “Phos Hilaron” (Hail Gladdening Light) reflects the evening’s mood and gratitude for the day. In contrast, Compline features the hymn “Te Lucis Ante Terminum,” which means “Before the Light’s Out.” At Compline, the prayer of Saint Chrysostom concludes the service. These features show how Evening Prayer and Compline set a mood, prepare the heart, and shape a faithful Christian’s experience of prayer.
Origin and History of Evening Prayer
Evening prayer is a Christian tradition that has been practiced for centuries. Known as Vespers in the Catholic Church and Evensong in the Anglican Church, it is a time set aside for worship and reflection at the end of the day. Compline, on the other hand, is the final service of the daily office, traditionally said just before retiring for the night.
To understand the origins of Evening Prayer, we must go back to the early days of Christianity. The practice of setting aside specific times for prayer goes all the way back to the Old Testament. In the Book of Daniel, we see Daniel praying “three times a day,” and in the Psalms there are references to “morning, noon, and night” prayer. These practices were adopted by early Christians, and it became customary to pray at the third, sixth, and ninth hour, corresponding to roughly 9am, noon, and 3pm.
Over time, the practice of evening prayer evolved as Christian monasticism developed. The Rule of St. Benedict, written in the sixth century, included a specific time for prayer in the evening. This practice was later adopted by other monastic orders, and eventually became a part of the wider Christian community.
Key Characteristics of Evening Prayer
- Time: Evening Prayer is traditionally said at sunset or in the late afternoon.
- Structure: The service typically includes psalms, canticles, prayers, and readings from scripture.
- Ritual: Evening Prayer is a formal service with a set structure and specific prayers and readings.
Compline – The Final Service of the Day
Compline is the final service of the daily office, traditionally said just before retiring for the night. It is a service of quiet contemplation, designed to help the worshipper prepare for a restful night’s sleep.
The origins of Compline can be traced back to monastic communities in the Middle Ages. It was a service of preparation for sleep, and included psalms, prayers, and readings that reflected on the end of the day and the approaching night.
Comparison of Evening Prayer and Compline
| Evening Prayer | Compline | |
|---|---|---|
| Timing | Traditionally said at sunset or in the late afternoon. | The final service of the daily office, said just before retiring for the night. |
| Structure | Includes psalms, canticles, prayers, and readings from scripture. | Includes psalms, prayers, and readings that reflect on the end of the day and the approaching night. |
| Ritual | A formal service with a set structure and specific prayers and readings. | A quiet service of reflection and contemplation. |
In summary, Evening Prayer and Compline are both important traditions in the Christian Church. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct characteristics that make them unique. Understanding the history and purpose behind these practices can help us deepen our faith and draw closer to God.
Origins and History of Compline
Compline is a service of evening prayer that originated in the Christian liturgy. The word “Compline” is derived from the Latin word “completorium,” which translates to “completion.” This refers to the final service of the day in monasteries, which was usually held before the monks went to sleep. The origins of Compline can be traced back to the early church, where it was a common practice for Christians to gather together and pray before going to bed.
Compline was not always a separate service from evening prayer, however. In the early days of the Christian church, evening prayer was a single service that included prayers for several hours, including Compline. As the service became more developed, Compline was eventually separated into its own distinct service.
Characteristics of Compline
- Compline is typically the last service of the day and is meant to be peaceful and meditative, creating a sense of calm before sleep.
- The service is relatively short, lasting between 10 and 15 minutes, and typically includes psalms, biblical readings, and prayers specific to the evening.
- One of the defining characteristics of Compline is the chanting of the Nunc Dimittis, also known as the Song of Simeon. This song is a hymn of praise that has been sung in the Christian church since the 4th century CE.
The Use of Compline Today
Compline is still widely used in both Catholic and Protestant Christian denominations, and is often held in the evening hours. In monastic communities, Compline is still the final service of the day, and is designed to prepare the monks for sleep and to rest in peace.
Compline has also become popular outside of monastic communities as a way to end the day in a peaceful and reflective way. Some churches hold Compline services in the evening, which are open to anyone who wishes to attend. In addition, many individuals and families have adopted the practice of saying Compline prayers before going to bed as a way to create a sense of calm and reflection before sleep.
A Brief History of Compline’s Development
The development of Compline can be traced back to the early days of the Christian church, when evening prayer was a single service that included prayers for several hours, and Compline was simply a part of that service. Over time, Compline became more distinct and separate from evening prayer, with its own liturgy and structure.
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 4th Century CE | The Nunc Dimittis is first sung in the Christian church |
| 6th Century CE | The Rule of Saint Benedict is written, which includes guidelines for Compline in monastic communities |
| Middle Ages | Compline becomes a distinct service from evening prayer |
| 20th Century CE | Compline experiences a resurgence in popularity, with many churches offering Compline services to the public |
Today, Compline continues to be an important part of Christian practice, both within monastic communities and in churches and homes around the world.
Liturgical Elements of Evening Prayer
Evening Prayer, also known as Vespers, is part of the Liturgy of the Hours in the Catholic Church and is prayed by many other Christian denominations as well. Compline, on the other hand, is the final prayer of the day and is said before going to bed. While they share similar elements, there are distinct differences between the two.
- Opening Verse: Both Evening Prayer and Compline begin with an opening verse, also known as an invitatory antiphon, which is chanted or recited before the start of the prayer.
- Psalms: Evening Prayer includes two psalms, while Compline has only one. In Evening Prayer, the psalms change depending on the day of the week or the liturgical season.
- Scripture Readings: Both Evening Prayer and Compline have Scripture readings that are typically taken from the New Testament. However, in Evening Prayer, there are two readings, while Compline has only one.
- Canticles: A canticle is a hymn or song from the Bible. In Evening Prayer, there are two canticles: the Magnificat and the Nunc Dimittis, which are chanted or recited after the psalms. Compline has one canticle, the Nunc Dimittis.
- Intercessions: Both Evening Prayer and Compline have intercessions, where worshippers pray for the needs of the Church and the world.
- Closing Prayer: Both Evening Prayer and Compline end with a closing prayer, also known as a collect, which is chanted or recited as a group.
In summary, the main difference between Evening Prayer and Compline is the number of psalms, Scripture readings, and canticles included in each prayer. While they both have the same elements of prayer, the specific components differ.
Understanding the liturgical elements of Evening Prayer and Compline can help you deepen your prayer life and connect with God in a more meaningful way. Whether you are a Catholic or part of another Christian denomination, take time to explore these beautiful forms of worship and see how they can enrich your spiritual journey.
| Element | Evening Prayer | Compline |
|---|---|---|
| Opening Verse | Chanted or recited | Chanted or recited |
| Psalms | 2 | 1 |
| Scripture Readings | 2 | 1 |
| Canticles | Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis | Nunc Dimittis |
| Intercessions | Yes | Yes |
| Closing Prayer | Chanted or recited | Chanted or recited |
Liturgical Elements of Compline
Compline is a type of evening prayer that is especially relevant to monastic and conventual traditions which involves the chanting of psalms and hymns and the recitation of prayers before sleep. Compline is often seen as a meditative and introspective ritual, providing an opportunity to reflect on the day’s events and to turn one’s mind towards divine thoughts. The following are some of the liturgical elements of compline:
- Psalms: The chanting of psalms is an integral part of compline ceremony. The most common psalms used include Psalm 4, 31, 91 and 134. These psalms are chosen for their calming and peaceful effect that they have on the mind.
- Litany: During compline, a litany or prayer of supplication to the Lord is recited. It is a supplication to God asking him to protect us from any harm or evil that may come upon us during the night and to watch over us while we sleep.
- Hymn: A hymn is usually sung during the compline ceremony, which is chosen to convey the peace and serenity that one would experience before going to bed.
In many monastic traditions, compline often includes a homily or a sermon. The homily is designed to offer some reflections on the day gone by and to help those in attendance reflect on their actions of the day and make their thoughts more focused on God’s presence in their lives.
Compline rituals typically include some basic elements of meditation. The lights are often dimmed, candles are lit, and participants are encouraged to be still and quiet. This creates a peaceful and serene atmosphere that allows the mind to relax and be calm in preparation for sleep. The aim of compline is to create a sense of connection between the participants and God, to help individuals focus inwards and to allow them to connect with the divine presence.
| Time of the Year | Psalms Sung During Compline |
|---|---|
| January to Lent | Psalm 4, Psalm 31 |
| Lenten Season to Holy Week | Psalm 91 |
| Eastertide to Advent | Psalm 134 |
In conclusion, the compline ceremony is a prayerful and meditative ritual that is designed to help individuals reflect on their day and turn their mind towards God before sleep. Compline is characterized by several liturgical elements, such as the recitation of psalms, the singing of hymns, the saying of prayers, and the emphasis on quiet and stillness.
Differences in Structure Between Evening Prayer and Compline
Evening prayer and compline are both liturgical services of Christian worship. While they are both part of the daily office, there are distinct differences in their structure. These differences include:
- Timing: Evening prayer is typically held in the late afternoon or early evening, while compline is held before bedtime.
- Length: Compline is generally shorter than evening prayer and focuses primarily on prayers for protection and peace during the night.
- Psalms: Both services include the recitation of psalms, but the particular psalms used vary. In evening prayer, there are usually two psalms, while compline only has one.
- Hymns: Compline typically includes more hymns than evening prayer.
- Prayers: Compline includes a greater emphasis on prayers for forgiveness and protection than evening prayer, which focuses more on thanksgiving and petition.
The Role of Psalms in Evening Prayer and Compline
The recitation of psalms is a key component of both evening prayer and compline. In evening prayer, two psalms are typically included, along with a canticle (a song from a different part of the Bible). These psalms are often chosen to reflect the themes of the day or season. For example, during Advent, the psalms chosen might focus on waiting and hope.
In compline, there is typically only one psalm recited, but it is always Psalm 91, which is known as the “psalm of protection.” This psalm emphasizes God’s constant presence and protection, making it a fitting choice for a service held on the cusp of sleep, when many people are prone to fear or anxiety.
The Use of Hymns in Compline
Compline often includes a greater emphasis on hymns than evening prayer. These hymns serve as an opportunity for the congregation to reflect on the day that has passed and prepare for the night ahead. Many of the hymns used in compline are ancient and evocative, emphasizing the themes of rest, peace, and trust in God.
Comparing the Prayers of Evening Prayer and Compline
| Evening Prayer | Compline |
|---|---|
| Focus on thanksgiving and petition | Focus on forgiveness and protection |
| Includes the Lord’s Prayer | Includes the Kyrie Eleison (“Lord, have mercy”) |
| May include prayers for specific needs (such as healing or guidance) | Emphasizes the importance of a peaceful night’s sleep and protection from harm |
Overall, while both evening prayer and compline share similarities in their structure and purpose, there are distinct differences in the way they are structured and the components they contain. Whether attending one or both, both services provide meaningful opportunities for reflection, prayer, and connection with God.
Importance of Evening Prayer in Different Christian Denominations
Evening prayer holds great significance in various Christian denominations, with each having its unique perspective and interpretation of this practice. It is considered a moment of reflection, devotion, and spiritual growth, which enables Christians to connect with God, examine their conscience, and seek forgiveness for their sins. Below, we explore the importance of evening prayer in different Christian denominations.
- Catholic: In the Catholic Church, evening prayer is called Vespers and is considered one of the most important liturgical prayers of the day. It is often held in the early evening, around 6 pm, and is said in the presence of a priest or deacon. Similar to other Catholic liturgies, Vespers consists of psalms, hymns, prayers, and readings from the Bible. It is a reflection of the Church’s belief in the importance of offering praise and worship to God, particularly in the evening when we reflect on the day’s events, thank God for his blessings and seek his protection and guidance for the night ahead.
- Orthodox: The Orthodox Church has a rich tradition of evening prayer, which is known as Vespers. It is usually held between 6 pm and 7 pm and is led by a priest or deacon. Like other Orthodox liturgies, Vespers consists of psalms, prayers, and readings from the Bible, as well as hymns that are sung by the choir and congregation. Vespers is considered a moment of spiritual renewal, where we come before God to offer our gratitude, praise his majesty, and seek his forgiveness. It is a representation of the Orthodox belief in the importance of spiritual discipline and the need to cultivate an intimate relationship with God.
- Anglican: Evening prayer is observed in the Anglican Church, and it is known as Compline. Like other liturgies, Compline consists of psalms, hymns, and readings from the Bible, but it also includes traditional prayers and chants that have been passed down through generations. Compline is typically held at the end of the day before bedtime, and its primary focus is on seeking God’s protection, guidance, and blessing for the night ahead. It is a reflection of the Anglican belief in the importance of daily prayer, and its ability to bring us closer to God.
In conclusion, evening prayer plays a significant role in the spiritual lives of Christians, regardless of their denomination. It is a moment of reflection, devotion, and spiritual growth that allows us to connect with God, seek his guidance and protection, and reflect on our day. Whether it is Vesper, Compline, or another form of evening prayer, Christians all over the world hold it dear and regard it as an essential part of their faith.
Importance of Compline in Different Christian Denominations
Compline is a common evening prayer in different Christian denominations, and its importance can be seen in the way it is observed by various religious groups. Here are some insights on the significance of compline in different Christian denominations:
- Catholic Church: In the Catholic Church, compline is part of the Liturgy of the Hours, which is a set of prayers said at specific times of the day. It is usually observed as the last prayer of the day, and it includes psalms, hymns, readings, and intercessions. Compline is considered a vital part of the Catholic liturgical tradition, and it is seen as a way of seeking God’s protection and guidance as one retires to sleep at night.
- Anglican Communion: In the Anglican Communion, compline is also known as Night Prayer. It is a simple service that includes readings from the Scriptures, prayers, and hymns. It is usually observed before retiring to bed, and it is seen as a way of acknowledging God’s sovereignty and seeking His blessings and protection.
- Eastern Orthodox Church: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, compline is also known as Small Compline. It is usually observed before bed as part of the daily cycle of services known as the Horologion. It includes psalms, hymns, readings, and prayers, and it is seen as a way of seeking God’s mercy and forgiveness before sleeping.
Compline is significant in different Christian denominations as it provides an opportunity to reflect on the events of the day and seek God’s protection and guidance as one retires to sleep. It is a way of acknowledging God’s sovereignty and expressing gratitude for the day’s blessings. In addition, compline is a reminder of the importance of prayer in the Christian life, and it underscores the need for spiritual renewal and growth.
| Denomination | Observance | Contents |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic Church | Part of the Liturgy of the Hours | Psalms, hymns, readings, intercessions |
| Anglican Communion | Also known as Night Prayer | Readings, prayers, hymns |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | Also known as Small Compline | Psalms, hymns, readings, prayers |
Overall, compline is an important aspect of Christian prayer and worship. It provides an opportunity to connect with God, seek His guidance, and express gratitude for the blessings of the day. Whether observed as part of the Liturgy of the Hours or as a simple service, compline is a way of strengthening one’s spiritual life and drawing closer to God.
FAQs: What is the Difference between Evening Prayer and Compline?
Q: What is Evening Prayer?
A: Evening Prayer, also known as Vespers, is a liturgical service held in the early evening that centers around the singing of psalms and the reading of scripture.
Q: What is Compline?
A: Compline is the last service of the day, usually held shortly before bedtime. This service includes prayers, psalms, hymns, and readings that reflect on the close of the day.
Q: How do the two services differ?
A: While both services are held in the evening, Evening Prayer and Compline differ in their structure and emphasis. Evening Prayer is focused on the celebration of the day’s activities and the anticipation of the night, while Compline is centered on quiet reflection and contemplation as the day comes to a close.
Q: Are there any notable similarities between the two services?
A: Both Evening Prayer and Compline involve the recitation of psalms and readings from scripture, as well as periods of silent contemplation.
Q: What is the significance of participating in these services?
A: Taking part in Evening Prayer and Compline can provide a sense of spiritual grounding and comfort, and can help to create a sense of community among church members. These services also serve as a reminder to reflect on one’s actions and thoughts from the day before retiring for the night.
Closing Thoughts
Thank you for taking the time to read about the difference between Evening Prayer and Compline. We hope that this information has been helpful in understanding the distinctions between these two important services. Please feel free to check back for more informative articles in the future.